第一节 判断题

一、题型介绍

判断题的出题方式是给出若干个题目（陈述句），要求考生根据文章所给的信息对每个题目作出判断。如果题目内容与文章内容一致，则选TRUE / YES；如果题目内容与文章内容相抵触，则选FALSE / NO；如果题目内容在文章中并没有提及，则选NOT GIVEN。判断题是雅思阅读A类考试中难度较大的一种题型。在Cambridge IELTS 9的160道A类阅读中，有48道是判断题，占30%的比例；在Cambridge IELTS 8的160道A类阅读题目中，有39道是判断题，占近25%的比例。所以，考生应特别重视这种题型。

二、答题步骤

（1）画出题目中的关键词，然后根据关键词最好先定位到文章中的一个段落，也就是把题目中的关键词与文章各段落的小标题或每段的第一句话相对照。先把题目定位到文章中的一个段落，这将大大加快解题的速度，并提高答案的准确率。

（2）快速阅读该段落。即根据题目中的关键词，在该段落中找出与题目相关的句子。也就是说，确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置可能是未知的，所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落，找出该段落中与题目相关的一句或几句话（通常是一句话）。

（3）仔细阅读这一句或几句话，再结合题目，确定正确答案。

三、注意事项

（1）判断题绝对不能只凭自己的感觉、常识或背景知识来做题，而是一定要回到文章中寻找对应的信息，也就是要把思路严格限制在文章所给的范围之内。

（2）判断题基本是按照题目关键词（或其同义词）在文章中出现的顺序来出题的，了解这一点，考生就能根据题目中的关键词在文章中快速进行定位，从而节省时间。

（3）在解答判断题时，对文章以及题目中出现的副词、动词和名词要特别加以注意。尤其是副词在程度高低、范围大小、局部和整体、经常和偶尔等方面的区别往往是解题的关键。下表列出了文章和题目中使用的表示不同范围、频率和可能性的词汇，这时，答案就是FALSE或NO。

（4）要注意题目要求回答的是什么。同是判断题，有的要求考生回答TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN，有的要求考生回答YES/NO/NOT GIVEN，必须按照要求填写。

四、真题示例

Example（Cambridge IELTS 9 Test 4 READING PASSAGE 3 Questions 37-40）

【真题回顾】

READING PASSAGE 3

The Development of Museums

D Theme parks are undergoing other changes, too, as they try to present more serious social and cultural issues, and move away from fantasy. This development is a response to market forces and, although museums and heritage sites have a special, rather distinct, role to fulfil, they are also operating in a very competitive environment, where visitors make choices on how and where to spend their free time. Heritage and museum experts do not have to invent stories and recreate historical environments to attract their visitors:their assets are already in place. However, exhibits must be both based on artefacts and facts as we know them, and attractively presented. Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus in a difficult position, as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of “evidence” and “attractiveness”, especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry for income-generating activities.

E It could be claimed that in order to make everything in heritage more “real”, historical accuracy must be increasingly altered. For example, Pithecanthropus erectus is depicted in an Indonesian museum with Malay facial features, because this corresponds to public perceptions. Similarly, in the Museum of Natural History in Washington, Neanderthal man is shown making a dominant gesture to his wife. Such presentations tell us more about contemporary perceptions of the world than about our ancestors. There is one compensation, however, for the professionals who make these interpretations:if they did not provide the interpretation, visitors would do it for themselves, based on their own ideas, misconceptions and prejudices. And no matter how exciting the result, it would contain a lot more bias than the presentations provided by experts.

F Human bias is inevitable, but another source of bias in the representation of history has to do with the transitory nature of the materials themselves. The simple fact is that not everything from history survives the historical process. Castles, palaces and cathedrals have a longer lifespan than the dwellings of ordinary people. The same applies to the furnishings and other contents of the premises. In a town like Leyden in Holland, which in the seventeenth century was occupied by approximately the same

number of inhabitants as today, people lived within the walled town, an area more than five times smaller than modern Leyden. In most of the houses several families lived together in circumstances beyond our imagination. Yet in museums, fine period rooms give only an image of the lifestyle of the upper class of that era. No wonder that people who stroll around exhibitions are filled with nostalgia; the evidence in museums indicates that life was so much better in the past. This notion is induced by the bias in its representation in museums and heritage centres.

【答案解析】

37 Consumers prefer theme parks which avoid serious issues.

答案：FALSE

关键词：theme parks、avoid、serious issues

定位句：根据关键词定位到D段第一行：Theme parks are undergoing other changes, too, as they try to present more serious social and cultural issues, and move away from fantasy. This development is a response to market forces．主题公园也在发生其他变化，因为它们试图呈现更多严肃的社会和文化问题，而不再是虚构的东西。这种发展是对市场力的回应。

解析：题目中的关键词theme parks、serious issues在定位句中重现，定位句中的try to present和题目中的avoid意思相反，答案就是FALSE。

考点：推理判断。

38 More people visit museums than theme parks.

答案：NOT GIVEN

关键词：more ... than

定位句：无

解析：文章没有对比博物馆和主题公园参观人数方面的句子，答案就是NOT GIVEN。

考点：推理判断。

39 The boundaries of Leyden have changed little since the seventeenth century.

答案：FALSE

关键词：boundaries、Leyden、changed little

定位句：根据关键词定位到F段第五行：In a town like Leyden in Holland, which in the seventeenth century was occupied by approximately the same number of inhabitants as today, people lived within the walled town, an area more than five times smaller than modern Leyden．像荷兰莱顿这样的小镇，17世纪时的居住人口数量和现在大体一样，人们居住在城墙围起来的小镇里，生活区域的面积比现代的莱顿要小5倍多。

解析：题目中的关键词Leyden在定位句中重现，定位句中的area和题目中的boundaries是同义替换，定位句中的more than five times smaller和题目中的changed little意思不相符，答案就是FALSE。

考点：同义替换。area = boundaries。

40 Museums can give a false impression of how life used to be.

答案：TRUE

关键词：false impression、life used to be

定位句：根据关键词定位到F段倒数第四行：No wonder that people who stroll around exhibitions are filled with nostalgia; the evidence in museums indicates that life was so much better in the past. This notion is induced by the bias in its representation in museums and heritage centres．难怪来看展览的人充满了怀旧之情，博物馆里的证据显示，过去的生活好太多了。这种看法是由博物馆和历史遗产中心所表现出来的偏见所导致的。

解析：定位句中的life ... in the past、bias ... representation分别和题目中的life used to be、false impression是同义替换，答案就是TRUE。

考点：同义替换：life ... in the past = life used to be; bias ... representation = false impression。